Technology is the use of tools and machines to manage people, animals and the natural world. It encompasses everything from the sublime of planetary science to the mundane of changing gear while driving a car. It is therefore a hugely important subject not only for those who research, develop and deploy new technologies but also all those who are impacted by their use.

Technological advancements can be transformative, making work easier and more efficient. For example, data analysis that used to require hours of manual calculating or interpretation can now be done in seconds with the click of a button. Communication within the workplace has also become easier thanks to the availability of instant messaging and video conferencing software, making it easier to stay in touch with colleagues across the globe. Healthcare is another area where technology has led to major advancements, with doctors and healthcare practitioners able to use increasingly sophisticated software for better diagnosis and treatment.

The nature of technology is complex and nuanced. In addition to its ‘non-neutrality’ in terms of favouring some paths and disfavouring others, technological development is also an iterative process, and newer technologies often supersede older ones. Thus, for example, when digital cameras became available, they displaced the analogue photography path, along with its inefficient and gratifying culture of physically retouching images for hours.

This complexity can be confusing. For teachers, especially those who are overburdened and overwhelmed, maneuvering the jungle of new pedagogies can feel like an impossible task. Yet, when integrated intelligently, incorporating technology can be an effective tool for achieving learning objectives and addressing students’ diverse needs and capacities.